Sea sand disruption method (SSDM) as a valuable tool for isolating essential oil components from conifers

Essential oils are one of nature's most precious gifts with surprisingly potent and outstanding properties. Coniferous oils, for instance, are nowadays being used extensively to treat or prevent many types of infections, modify immune responses, soothe inflammations, stabilize moods, and to help ease all forms of non-acute pain. Given the broad spectrum of usage of coniferous essential oils, a fast, safe, simple, and efficient sample-preparation method is needed in the estimation procedure of essential oil components in fresh plant material. Generally, the time- and energy-consuming steam distillation (SD) is applied for this purpose. This paper will compare SD, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), and the sea sand disruption method (SSDM) as isolation techniques to obtain aroma components from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). According to the obtained data, SSDM is the most efficient sample preparation method in determining the essential oil composition of conifers. Moreover, SSDM requires small organic solvent amounts and a short extraction time, which makes it an advantageous alternative procedure for the routine analysis of coniferous oils. The superiority of SSDM over MSPD efficiency is ascertained, as there are no chemical interactions between the plant cell components and the sand. This fact confirms the reliability and efficacy of SSDM for the analysis of volatile oil components.     

甘肃岷县当归不同药用部位挥发油的提取及其成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取产于甘肃岷县道地产区当归的当归身、当归尾、当归头中的挥发油,使用气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析其挥发油的化学组分.在相同提取测定条件下,当归不同部位提取的挥发油中各化学成分含量存在差异性,当归身、当归尾、当归头在保持较多藁本内酯的同时,均含有其他有效成分,且这些有效成分种类与含量不尽相同.提示当归不同药用部位的挥发油化学成分含量具有一定的差异,药理作用的物质基础不同,探寻当归不同部位的挥发油的化学成分变化规律,为中药当归的加工及临床应用提供科学依据.     

不同提取方法对黔产水香薷挥发性成分的影响

比较不同提取方法对黔产水香薷挥发性成分影响。采用固相微萃取法、水蒸气蒸馏法提取水香薷挥发性成分,用GC-MS联用仪进行测定,结合NIST05和WILEY275谱库鉴定各化合物,峰面积归一化法测定各成分相对含量。利用两种提取方法供从水香薷中鉴别出67个化合物。从固相微萃取法提取物中检测并鉴定了45个化合物,而从水蒸气蒸馏法提取物种检测并鉴定了55个化合物。其中挥发性相同的化合物有33种,两种不同提取方法得到的挥发性成分虽有差异,但主要成分变化不大。体外抗菌试验表明,水香薷挥发性成分具有抑菌作用。这些研究结果为香料植物水香薷的开发提供了科学依据。     

Anaerobic fermentation of woody biomass treated by various methods

Anaerobic fermentation was attempted to produce methane from the wood chip (Eucalyptus globulus). By the pretreatment of the wood chip using hot water with high temperature, NaOH, and steam explosion, the production of methane gas was enhanced. The pretreatment using steam explosion resulted in more amount of methane gas produced than the treatment using either hot water or 1% (w/w) NaOH with high temperature, and the steam explosion at a steam pressure of 25 atm and a steaming time of 3 min was the most effective for the methane production. The amount of methane gas produced depended on the ratio of weight of Klason lignin, a high molecular weight lignin, in the treated wood chip.     

脱脂蚕蛹粉的汽提除腥工艺研究

脱脂蛹粉中蛋白质量分数近 80 % ,脂肪仅 3% ,是良好的食品资源 ,但具有不良的腥味。以醋酸与蚕蛹腥味成份形成易挥发物质 ,通过水蒸汽蒸馏可除去腥味。其最适工艺条件为 :样品 2 0 0 g时 ,用醋酸 2ml,反应温度 80℃ ,加热时间 2 0min ,蒸馏时间 2 0min。经最适条件下脱腥的脱脂蛹粉不影响食用感官评品     

无热原蒸汽灭菌在疫苗生产中的应用与效果验证

为保证生物制剂生产的安全性,采用空载热分布试验,满载热穿透试验和微生物挑战试验对无热原蒸汽灭菌柜进行验证。另取疫苗生产中常用的Earle's液、PBS液及0.2%水解乳蛋白各5批,均采用无热原注射用水配制,无热原蒸汽灭菌。选用"Fluids121℃"15分钟循环程序和"Fluids115℃"20分钟循环程序检测热原质与灭菌效果。灭菌试验验证结果显示,无热原蒸汽灭菌符合现行GMP的要求。     

From residual to useful oil: Revalorization of glycerine from the biodiesel synthesis

The reaction kinetics for the synthesis of glycerol triacetate (triacetin) from glycerol and acetic acid has been studied in the frame of revalorization of residual glycerol in biodiesel production. The reaction has taken place in a stirred reactor at a pressure of 1070 kPa. No external catalyst has been added because the reaction performs better by using as catalyst an excess of acetic acid. Kinetic parameters were obtained at 120 and 160 °C and a model of three reactions with monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin formation was proposed with a good agreement with the experimental results. Arrhenius constants were determined for the involved reactions.     

槲寄生挥发性成分研究

目的：研究槲寄生挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取槲寄生挥发性成分,用GC/MS进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：分离出119个成分,确定了66个化合物,占挥发油总量的77．31％。结论：槲寄生挥发性成分大于2％的化学成分有12种。     

Environmental Assessment of Waste-Solvent Treatment Options

A comparison of various waste‐solvent treatment technologies, such as distillation (rectification) and incineration in hazardous‐waste‐solvent incinerators and cement kilns, is presented for 45 solvents with respect to the environmental life‐cycle impact. The environmental impact was calculated with the ecosolvent tool that was previously described in Part I of this work. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed, and uncertainties were quantified by stochastic modeling in which various scenarios were considered. The results show that no single treatment technology is generally environmentally superior to any other but that, depending on the solvent mixture and the process conditions, each option may be optimal in certain cases. Nevertheless, various rules of thumb could be derived, and a results table is presented for the 45 solvents showing under which process conditions and amount of solvent recovery distillation is environmentally superior to incineration. On the basis of these results and the ecosolvent tool, an easily usable framework was developed that helps decision makers in chemical industries reduce environmental burdens throughout the solvent life cycle. With clear recommendations on the environmentally optimized waste‐solvent treatment technology, the use of this framework contributes to more environmentally sustainable solvent management and thus represents a practical application of industrial ecology.